C Wright Mills An American Sociologist - 2738 Words

Q15) Answer, C Wright Mills R-4 Def.- Charles Wright Mills was an American sociologist, and a teacher of sociology at Columbia University from 1946 until 1962 which is when he died. Mills was made widely in popular journals, and is remembered for some books that he had written, among them The Power Elite, which introduced that term and describes the relationships and alliances among the U.S. political, military, and economic people. He was the one of the major contributors for the subject of sociology he s done so much for this it s unbelievably so much. He was the one of the major contributors for the subject of sociology he s done so much for this it s unbelievably so much. His papers on the power elite showed us having too much†¦show more content†¦(Word Count 316) Q19) Answer, Protestant Ethic Pg. 13 Def.- Protestant ethic, in a sociological theory, the value attached to hard work, thrift, and efficiency in one’s calling, especially in the Calvinist view, were deemed signs of an individual’s election, or eternal salvation. German sociologist Max Weber, in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism held that the Protestant ethic was an important factor in the economic success of groups in the early stages of European capitalism because worldly success could be interpreted as a sign of eternal salvation, it was vigorously pursued. Calvinism’s antipathy to the worship of the flesh, its emphasis on the religious duty to make good use of the given resources at each individual’s disposal, and its orderliness and systemization of ways of life were also regarded by Weber as economically significant aspects of the ethic. Before given their lives to this to the many people who just refuse to leave them. It s their way of life to help people and it will continue to help people for as long as one person believes in it it will continue to strive it will never be forgotten and it will help and help and help us until the end of time for all time. This all ties into religion and hope because hope burns brighter than anything we can imagine. The core values of others can also help them they all have beliefs that can help and give aid. They can influence others to help spread joy, love, peace,

Duties of a Citizen free essay sample

Recently you wonaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be seeing an American citizen care much about anything other than them selves. Their main priority is to ensure the perfection of their own lives. That is not being a good citizen though. Making sure your needs are met before you look up and see what you can help with is corrupt and selfish. We need to care more about how we can help our country and what we need to do to be a good citizen. Having clear goals, consistent ideals, and unity is what makes a country powerful; so when any of these components are lacking, a country and its citizens will weaken, which is happening in America. Being a citizen of America has become virtually insignificant to our people, and is now crippling us. These three components depend upon one another to ensure the strength of a country. We must value all these elements to check our loyalty for our countries endeavors. Specifically the ideals should be based on the standards your country wants, since it is the structure to your countryaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s government. But ideals consist of what you and your country should value in your beliefs, ethics, and principals so the people can jointly support their country. Our ideals (especially American) have been accepted by each subsequent generation until recently. Unity is a common understanding and belief within a group of people; it is joining together for an ultimate cause. Goals are the start of our countries ambition to aim for our desired result and produce the product of our efforts. The ideals however establish a consensus on what we value or believe in as a country, it creates boundaries on our moral standard. We have to stay true to our constitution and the morals that were founded with it. To stray off and feel superior to your own ideals is no exception. That is what breaks the core and ruins our countries long lasting policies. Being a country of the people, for everything from the military to the government to the public should be equally united in the same goals. The government however is the power that should listen then voice the verdict of our decisions. They should act upon the publicaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s best interests, and not single out any party or group whose stance on a matter should be determined as any less significant. If a decision is detrimental to anyoneaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s life in the general public, then it is likely there will be more than one person affected by the same things. The government should act upon their doings with precision and a conscious understanding of their impact on everyone. Dependant on the necessity of their actions an act should not be passed if it is going to exclude even a minority in the populations opinions. With this we can determine clear goal sets and be unified. When going through with anything you should always check your tracks to see if you stomped on any bugs. Through out the Vietnam War these ingredients were missing for the American position. It doesnaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t matter if the opponent is right or wrong, but if you are following these tactics, you will be successful. Ho Chi Minh and his communist following was ensuing power through authority and fear. Due to the fear he was possessing in many of the Vietnamese civilians, he was able to create unity for the goal sets he was trying to reach. His methods consisted of using fear over his people to squeeze out the product he desired. Once the people saw the product he achieved by communist ideals, Minh created a massive following of communist believers to ensure the continuation of reaching their goals and his regime. He established groups such as the NLF to spread his ideals and expand his following, but also to support all sections of his military. They believed that aâ‚ ¬? as long as they did not lose, they won. aâ‚ ¬? Americans on the other hand should have seen their defeat coming. Constantly reflecting on the Korean War as aâ‚ ¬? learning our lesson,aâ‚ ¬? we should have taken the French defeat in Dien Bien Phu as a warning. Americans entered the war, head first with no structure of unity, goal sets, or ideals. Events such as the Tet Offensive had not only initiated a new phase of the war but also showed us that our unity was weak. The US, if unified would have been smarter to not abandon all their cities and create opportunity for the NLF and Vietcong to strike. We would have communicated and sorted our priorities to know our goals before separating into remote areas. Other battles like Ia Drang showed the issues with unity and goals that have become noticed because of the failure to succeed in communication during them. The Pentagon Papers along with some accumulating underground news articles revealed much of what went wrong to the public in 1971. When the Americans had already initiated Vietnamization it was to late to change our strategy for the war effort. The papers caused discourse within our own country and distrust of our government. They were one of the large breaking points to all the built up distress over the war. In the papers we lied about the Gulf of Tokin aâ‚ ¬? attackaâ‚ ¬? and covered up our faults to our own people. Events such as My Lai concerning Lieutenant William Calley posed even more issues on the moral justification we had in Vietnam, for such things as our aâ‚ ¬? Free Fire Policyaâ‚ ¬? or aâ‚ ¬? Search and Destroy Campaign. aâ‚ ¬? It showed that Americans went against their own ideals when in Vietnam by not treating the Vietnamese with equal liberties, as we would give ourselves. It seemed as though we held a higher standing for ourselves when in Vietnam so we did not follow our own belief of treating all humans as equals. Killing innocent civilians without trial, not accepting the cultural difference of nations, using the threat of arms as a bribe to follow our beliefs, treating foreigners with out equality, ect. It was all that went wrong in our approach to try and gain the Vietnamese trust. When we went over to Vietnam we showed, a third world country in despair, a country that does not constitute itself by the ideals we arrived there with. In fact we did the exact things we were fighting against and did what we originally founded ourselves to not become, in Vietnam. It was a hypocritical scenario where we couldnaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t learn from our mistakes until we were gone and had already lost. In present day Afghan/ Iraq with many of those mistakes from Vietnam still hanging over our heads, we are now pushing to fix. Since Vietnam we have initiated the Special Operations Unit, and founded many other sections of the Military to ensure we donaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t make those same mistakes. Although many things are still missing from our strategy, such as going against our ideals again in the case of Abu Ghraib, we have come a long way. A friend of mine, Richard Bennett, currently serving in the US Special Opps. Group, and waiting to be deported to Afghan/ Iraq is anxious to utilize his training. His job will be to train civilians on how to protect and sustain their own government, so they can stand on their own. He has gone through rigorous training to ensure his capability in every situation but as his mother said to me in her interview, aâ‚ ¬? Richie is anxious to be deported and utilize his trainingaâ‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦ but he has expressed his frustrations with the politics concerning the waraâ‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦ like I said, it is the Age of Information, so you can see multiple sides to every story now. aâ‚ ¬? Essentially her point was to express that even if there is corruption in Afghan/ Iraq there is practically nothing the public cant obtain information on. The publicaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s judgment on the issues should be heard and taken into consideration by the government to change what they feel is not right based on our ideals. Finally, when analyzing the trends and mistakes we made in Vietnam there is significant improvement of our structure in Afghanistan/ Iraq now. Even though we still have our defects as citizens, we should always remember the three components to being successful as a country and as a citizen of that country. The unity, goals, and ideals of a country found their infrastructure. So to be a good citizen you have to work to maintain that, for your country, and for the future of your country.

Cell Biology of Canine Parvovirus (CPV) Essay Example

Cell Biology of Canine Parvovirus (CPV) Essay Parvoviruses are among the smallest animal DNA viruses which contain a protein coat (capsid) and a single strand of DNA inside (Vihinen-Ranta et al. 2004). The Parvoridae family is further divided into two subfamilies and these are the Parvovirinae, which infects vertebrates, and the Densovirinae, which infects invertebrates most specifically insects. The subfamily Parvovirinae can be classified into three genera and these include Parvovirus (autonomous parvovirus), Dependovirus, and Densovirus (cited in Siegel et al. 1985, Berns 1996).   The autonomous parvoviruses are the ones that infect humans as well as other animals such as dogs, cats, mice, and swine (Suikkannen, 2003). Canine Parvovirus belongs to the genera Parvovirus is closely related to feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) with over 98% similarity in their DNA sequences within the capsid protein gene. Similarity in the DNA sequence of CPV and FPV is mainly attributed to the mutation in a strain of FPV. The mutation in the s train of FPV allowed the virus to extend its host range to canine species (Vihinen-Ranta et al. 2004).The Canine Parvovirus, specifically CPV type 2 emerged in 1978 as a new virus which infects dogs all over the world. The virus became prevalent to canids such as dogs, coyotes and wolves. Canine Parvovirus causes vomiting, intestinal infection resulting in severe diarrhea, anorexia, rapid dehydration, and death as a result of dehydration. The stool usually contains blood and has a very characteristic odor (hemorrhagic enteritis) . The virus may affect all ages of Canidae (Canine family) but, puppies 6 to 16 weeks of age are more susceptible since puppies younger than this usually acquire protection by the antibodies they received in the mothers milk. These antibodies can be acquired by the puppies from the mothers milk on the first two days; this is denoted as Colostrum. CPV can be transmitted through oronasal exposure to contaminated stool, hair coat, and formites or vectors such a s contaminated instruments, insects, and rodents (Skellenger, 2008).Canine Parvovirus is considered to be a host specific virus since it only affects the Canidae or canine family. The host specificity of the CPV can be explained   in the cellular level.   In order for a viral particle to infect the host cell, it must begin with attachment to the host cell, penetration into the cytosol, uncoating and injection its nucleic acids inside the cell, and targeting the genome and any required accessory proteins toward the correct cellular organelle or compartment for replication (Vihinen-Ranta, 2004). The virus, Canine Parvovirus in particular can accomplish it through its nonenveloped capsid (protein coat) which is very specific to what host cells it can attach   to (Hueffer et al. 2003). The entry and infection of the viral particles with nonenveloped capsid is initiated with receptor-mediated endocytosis unlike to those enveloped viruses which entry is initiated with glycoprotein-m ediated fusion of the viral envelope with the cellular membrane. The specificity of CPV is controlled on its cell binding abilities. The CPV use the feline transferrin receptor (TfR) for the binding and infection of feline cells. Binding of CPV to the canine TfRs is controlled by the interactions between the apical domain of the TfR and a raised region of the capsid. Aside form the raised region of the capsid, there are other two regions where the host range-controlling residues are located. Meanwhile, it should be noted that it is the sequences of the residues of the capsid that controls the host specificity of the   CPV. The three residues are found to be different from FPV isolates and CPV type 2. Alterations in the three residues of   the capsid allowed the virus to infect canine cells (Hueffer et al. 2003). CPV specifically binds to the canine transferrin receptor which is only present on canine cells, therefore, causing infection only to canine family (Hueffer et al. 2004) .ReferencesHueffer, K., Govindasamy, L., Agbandje-McKenna, M., and Parrish, C. R. (2003). Combinations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   of Two Capsid Regions Controlling Canine Host Range Determine Canine Transferrin   Ã‚   Receptor Binding by Canine and Feline Parvoviruses.   Journal of Virology, 77, 18,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   10099–10105.Hueffer, K., Palermo, L. M., and Parrish, C. R. (2004). Parvovirus Infection of Cells by Using   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Variants of the Feline Transferrin Receptor Altering Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Membrane Domain Localization, and Capsid-Binding Domains Journal of Virology, 78,   Ã‚  Ã‚   11, 5601-5611.Hueffer, K., Parker, J. S. L.,   Weichert, W. S.,   Geisel, R. E., Sgro, J., and Parrish, C. R. (2003).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Natural Host Range Shift and Subsequent Evolution of Canine Parvovirus Resulted   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   fr om Virus-Specific Binding to the Canine Transferrin Receptor. Journal of Virology, 77, 3, 1718–1726.Skellenger, P. (2008). Canine Parvovirus (CPV). Retrieved August 6, 2008 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   searchwarp.com/swa303317.htmVihinen-Ranta, M., Suikkanen, S., Parrish, C. P. (2004). MINIREVIEW: Pathways of Cell   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Infection by Parvoviruses and Adeno-Associated Viruses. Journal of Virology, 78,     Ã‚  Ã‚   6709–   6714.

Fairness And Equality In Ecuador Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

Fairness And Equality In Ecuador Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers Fairness And Equality In Ecuador Fairness and Equality in Ecuador Ecuador is small country in south America. is situated over Per and beneath Venezuela and Colombia. Its population is 12.500.000. there are different ethnic groups in Ecuador, there is mestizo (mixed Amerindian and Spanish) 55%, Amerindian 25%, Spanish 10%, black 10% (-1-). The predominant religion is Roman Catholicism. 90% of the population knows how to read and write. Ecuador is also very rich in tradition and it has been blessed with tons of natural

The technological and cultural changes between the relationship of Essay

The technological and cultural changes between the relationship of Telegraph and Facebook - Essay Example The advent of Facebook has made communication and meeting new people easy, businesses have grown and cultures have evolved due to this. Some primitive cultures have been eradicated. In the essay we shall be seeking to establish the evolution from Telegraph to Facebook and the technological and cultural changes they have brought by first understanding their innovations their uses and how the telegraph necessitated or facilitated the innovation of Facebook The history of the telegraph dates back to 1794 where Claude Chappe invented a non- electric telegraph. This kind of telegraph used a flag based alphabet, a semaphore and it was wholly dependent on a line of a sight communication. Later this kind of telegraph was replaced by an electric telegraph. In Bavaria, Samuel Soemmering used gold electrodes of wire under water and the message could be read by the amount of gas that was produced by the electrodes. In USA, Harrison Dyar invented the first telegraph in 1828. He used a paper tape that was chemically treated to burn the dashes and the dots (Jennifer, 1989). Joseph Henry demonstrated the power of the electromagnet, which was first discovered by a British William Sturgeon. He sent an electronic current for over a mile, which activated an electromagnet and in turn caused the bell to ring. Samuel F. B. Morse in 1830s started experimenting by sending communication through electromagnetic signals. In 1838, he successfully sent a message from Morristown to New Jersey. He was later granted funds by the congress to help him install a line of communication between Washington DC and Baltimore and he stuck wires between the two cities. The first message he sent from the Supreme Court Chambers to his assistant Alfred Vail in Baltimore was â€Å"What hath God wrought† (Marland, 1964) The telegraph from then became part of the communication and an accepted part of American life. People used to send and receive messages from far distances using the

Cultural Differences and People Management Essay - 4

Cultural Differences and People Management - Essay Example It  has been one of my favourite subjects by far. It  was one of my favourite lessons in class. It was very informative, and I got to test some of the theories that I learned. I totally agree with the notion that collectivist and individualist cultures exist, and the society is mainly made up from these cultures. In a class, I got to learn that people belonging to the collectivist cultures place high value to society as a whole. They live a more selfless life working hard for themselves and even harder for the welfare of their community. However, an individualist society is a little different from this. In such societies, people tend to place more importance on individual goals rather to the objectives of the society. There is only ‘I’ and no ‘We’ in this type of a culture. I wanted to see if this was true and I researched on the Internet. Triandis (1995) has written an entire book on these types of cultures, and he writes that people from collectivist cultures are nurtured and raised to think about the society rather than about them. People in this kind of a culture live with unity often seeking help from one another. Triandis (1995) describes the individualists as entirely different. People living in these kinds of cultures promote individual goals. They are independent and feel ashamed of seeking help from others. These readings proved very beneficial for me. I never knew that these cultures existed until I took a closer look at different communities that exist in my country. One of my father’s close friends is an Indian, and I have grown up seeing him. When I went through the notes, he was the first person that came to my mind. Mr Mukesh was so much like what I had studied in class. He lives in an Indian neighbourhood where everyone interacts on a daily basis. I happen to know this because I have witnessed it with my own eyes. There are always relatives and other neighbours in their house when I go there. Mr

How structural and linguistic devices are used to target specific audiences in printed media texts Essay Example for Free

How structural and linguistic devices are used to target specific audiences in printed media texts Essay Different audiences expect and react to different ideas, presentational devices, linguistic devices and so on. For example teenagers may expect bright, vibrant colours and exciting design, whereas older people may look for softer, neutral colours and a more formal design. Of course, these are stereotypical views but the designers of the media texts must make them with a stereotypical view of their audience in mind. In this essay I will look at three different media texts aimed at different groups and explain how they attempt to appeal to these audiences. Firstly I will compare the ideas put forward in the three texts. In the Club 18-30 leaflet the focus is mainly on going out and having fun, in clubs, pubs and on beaches. The Superfamily piece talks about the activities that a family can participate in, such as pool games, quizzes, tennis courts, squash courts and fantasy golf. It also tells the audience about the things done to make a family holiday easier, such as baby care, childrens clubs and so on. The Forever Young brochure focuses on the older generation ands talks about the activities and facilities that they might enjoy, such as tennis, aerobics and golf, cathedrals to visit and conveniences like laundry services, money exchange, spacious bar and sun terraces. Now I will look at the presentational and structural devices in the three texts. In the Club 18-30 text bright, vibrant colours are used such as pink, blue, yellow and red. The title states the target audience straight away making it very obviously eye-catching to the right people. The pictures used are those of people dancing in a club and having fun as this is what most people going on this holiday want to do. This is not a full page advertisement as there is only a very small amount of information wanted; about the clubs, bars, beaches etc. This is all given in a fun, jaunty font with not too much reading needed. The Superfamily brochure is done in red, white and pale yellow. These are soft, welcoming, almost primary colours. This emphasises that this is a family advertisement. There are pictures a families by the pool as well as kids playing and having fun. All the borders are wavy and curved making this feel like a safe place for children and the font is plain. The Forever Young brochure has soft, autumn colours as well as natural blues and greens. Also, the pictures are serene. This is because the average older person wants a calm relaxing holiday. There is a full page layout with plain, simple borders. There are pictures of a cathedral and an empty pool. This helps add to the feeling of calm and relaxing on the holiday. I will next look at the language used in each of the pieces. In the Club 18-30 piece the language used is cool and slang with misspelled words such as in yer face. This is to target the younger audience. It is humorous yet with some facts, such as bars, clubs and beaches to visit. There are some opinions such as home to some of Europes premier DJs. It states what the younger audience may worry about when it says that youll need a fair bit of wedge. It also states that there are many things to do on your doorstep suggesting great ease, an important factor to youth. The Superfamily brochure uses informal yet informative language, like for the sporty among you. It is persuasive and serious, giving the reader a lot of reasons why the holiday is right for them. However in doing this it keeps a very friendly and approachable attitude as it wants to appeal to families. It states the many things that they will do to make family life easier, such as baby care and childrens clubs. Forever Young uses formal language as this is what appeals to a lot of the older generation. It is serious and informative, stating plainly what things there are to do and makes them seem calm for example it has a traditional, relaxed feel about it. This is important as most older people want a relaxing holiday. It is persuasive as it uses opinions about things like prettiest and traditional. Overall I believe it is very important for advertisers to use all means at their disposal to attract the target audience. They must choose the right presentational devices, the right language and the right style in order to convince the target audience to buy their product.